Reconstruction of the Separation of Supervisory and Adjudicative Functions of Bawaslu in Resolving Election Process Disputes
Keywords:
Election Process Disputes, Bawaslu, Institutional DesignAbstract
Dispute resolution in the electoral process is an important pillar in the application of electoral law to provide legal protection to participants and ensure that the stages of the election are conducted in a democratic, fair, and legally certain manner. Based on Law Number 7 of 2017, Bawaslu is granted dual authority to conduct supervision and resolve disputes thru mediation and adjudication. However, the dynamics of the 2024 elections show an increase in dispute complexity due to the growing number of participants, technological advancements, and high public demand for transparency, thereby increasing the workload of the institution. The urgency of institutional restructuring is further emphasized by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 104/PUU-XXIII/2025, which radically changes the status of Bawaslu's administrative "recommendations" into "decisions" that are final and legally binding. The implication is that Bawaslu now bears a significant adjudicative burden that demands the conduct of election justice based on due process of law. Without institutional reconstruction thru a clear separation between oversight functions and adjudicative functions, this accumulation of power risks causing institutional fatigue and conflicts of interest that could undermine electoral independence and fairness.
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